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Reading the Properties of an Image Pasted in Excel Vba

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Spreadsheet, office of Microsoft Office

Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Office Excel (2019–present).svg
Microsoft Excel.png

A simple line chart being created in Excel, running on Windows ten
Developer(s) Microsoft
Initial release 1987; 35 years agone  (1987)
Stable release

2103 (sixteen.0.13901.20400) / April xiii, 2021; 10 months ago  (2021-04-13) [1]

Operating system Microsoft Windows
Type Spreadsheet
License Trialware[2]
Website products.office.com/en-us/excel
Microsoft Excel for Mac
Excel for Mac screenshot.png

Excel for Mac (version 16.44), running on macOS Mojave 10.xiv.six
Developer(s) Microsoft
Initial release September xxx, 1985; 36 years agone  (1985-09-30)
Stable release

16.56 (Build 21121100) / December 14, 2021; ii months ago  (2021-12-fourteen) [3]

Operating system macOS
Type Spreadsheet
License Proprietary commercial software
Website products.function.com/mac
Microsoft Excel for Android
Developer(southward) Microsoft Corporation
Stable release

xvi.0.14729.20146 / December 22, 2021; two months ago  (2021-12-22) [4]

Operating organisation Android Oreo and later
Blazon Spreadsheet
License Proprietary commercial software
Website products.function.com/en-us/excel
Microsoft Excel for iOS
Developer(s) Microsoft Corporation
Stable release

ii.56 / December 12, 2021; 2 months ago  (2021-12-12) [5]

Operating system iOS 14 or subsequently
IPadOS 14 or later
Type Spreadsheet
License Proprietary commercial software
Website products.part.com/en-us/excel

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. Information technology features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pin tables, and a macro programming language chosen Visual Bones for Applications (VBA). Excel forms function of the Microsoft Office suite of software.

Features

Basic operation

Microsoft Excel has the bones features of all spreadsheets,[6] using a filigree of cells arranged in numbered rows and letter of the alphabet-named columns to organize data manipulations like arithmetic operations. It has a bombardment of supplied functions to reply statistical, engineering, and fiscal needs. In add-on, it can brandish data every bit line graphs, histograms and charts, and with a very limited iii-dimensional graphical display. It allows sectioning of data to view its dependencies on various factors for different perspectives (using pivot tables and the scenario manager).[vii]> A PivotTable is a tool for information analysis. It does this past simplifying large data sets via PivotTable fields It has a programming attribute, Visual Basic for Applications, allowing the user to employ a wide variety of numerical methods, for example, for solving differential equations of mathematical physics,[eight] [9] and so reporting the results dorsum to the spreadsheet. It too has a variety of interactive features allowing user interfaces that tin can completely hide the spreadsheet from the user, so the spreadsheet presents itself equally a so-called awarding, or decision support system (DSS), via a custom-designed user interface, for example, a stock analyzer,[10] or in general, as a design tool that asks the user questions and provides answers and reports.[11] [12] In a more elaborate realization, an Excel application tin automatically poll external databases and measuring instruments using an update schedule,[13] clarify the results, brand a Word report or PowerPoint slide show, and e-mail these presentations on a regular basis to a listing of participants. Excel was not designed to be used equally a database.[ citation needed ]

Microsoft allows for a number of optional command-line switches to control the fashion in which Excel starts.[xiv]

Functions

Excel 2016 has 484 functions.[15] Of these, 360 existed prior to Excel 2010. Microsoft classifies these functions in fourteen categories. Of the 484 current functions, 386 may be called from VBA as methods of the object "WorksheetFunction"[xvi] and 44 have the same names as VBA functions.[17]

With the introduction of LAMBDA, Excel will get Turing complete.[18]

Macro programming

VBA programming

Use of a user-defined office sq(x) in Microsoft Excel. The named variables 10 & y are identified in the Name Manager. The function sq is introduced using the Visual Bones editor supplied with Excel.

Subroutine in Excel calculates the square of named column variable x read from the spreadsheet, and writes it into the named column variable y.

The Windows version of Excel supports programming through Microsoft's Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), which is a dialect of Visual Bones. Programming with VBA allows spreadsheet manipulation that is awkward or impossible with standard spreadsheet techniques. Programmers may write lawmaking directly using the Visual Bones Editor (VBE), which includes a window for writing code, debugging code, and code module arrangement environment. The user can implement numerical methods equally well equally automating tasks such every bit formatting or data organization in VBA[19] and guide the calculation using whatever desired intermediate results reported back to the spreadsheet.

VBA was removed from Mac Excel 2008, every bit the developers did non believe that a timely release would allow porting the VBA engine natively to Mac Bone Ten. VBA was restored in the next version, Mac Excel 2011,[20] although the build lacks support for ActiveX objects, impacting some high level programmer tools.[21]

A common and easy way to generate VBA lawmaking is by using the Macro Recorder.[22] The Macro Recorder records actions of the user and generates VBA code in the form of a macro. These actions tin then exist repeated automatically by running the macro. The macros can also exist linked to different trigger types like keyboard shortcuts, a control push button or a graphic. The actions in the macro can be executed from these trigger types or from the generic toolbar options. The VBA code of the macro can likewise be edited in the VBE. Certain features such as loop functions and screen prompt by their own backdrop, and some graphical brandish items, cannot exist recorded but must exist entered into the VBA module directly past the developer. Advanced users can employ user prompts to create an interactive programme, or react to events such every bit sheets beingness loaded or changed.

Macro Recorded code may not exist uniform with Excel versions. Some code that is used in Excel 2010 cannot be used in Excel 2003. Making a Macro that changes the cell colors and making changes to other aspects of cells may not exist backward uniform.

VBA code interacts with the spreadsheet through the Excel Object Model,[23] a vocabulary identifying spreadsheet objects, and a set of supplied functions or methods that enable reading and writing to the spreadsheet and interaction with its users (for instance, through custom toolbars or command confined and message boxes). User-created VBA subroutines execute these actions and operate similar macros generated using the macro recorder, but are more than flexible and efficient.

History

From its first version Excel supported stop-user programming of macros (automation of repetitive tasks) and user-divers functions (extension of Excel's congenital-in part library). In early versions of Excel, these programs were written in a macro language whose statements had formula syntax and resided in the cells of special-purpose macro sheets (stored with file extension .XLM in Windows.) XLM was the default macro linguistic communication for Excel through Excel 4.0.[24] Beginning with version v.0 Excel recorded macros in VBA by default just with version five.0 XLM recording was still allowed as an option. Subsequently version 5.0 that option was discontinued. All versions of Excel, including Excel 2010 are capable of running an XLM macro, though Microsoft discourages their utilize.[25]

Charts

Graph fabricated using Microsoft Excel

Excel supports charts, graphs, or histograms generated from specified groups of cells. Information technology also supports Pivot Charts that allow for a chart to be linked straight to a Pivot table. This allows the chart to be refreshed with the Pin Table. The generated graphic component tin either be embedded within the current sheet or added as a separate object.

These displays are dynamically updated if the content of cells changes. For instance, suppose that the important design requirements are displayed visually; then, in response to a user'due south change in trial values for parameters, the curves describing the design change shape, and their points of intersection shift, assisting the option of the best pattern.

Add together-ins

Additional features are available using add-ins. Several are provided with Excel, including:

  • Analysis ToolPak: Provides data assay tools for statistical and engineering analysis (includes analysis of variance and regression assay)
  • Analysis ToolPak VBA: VBA functions for Analysis ToolPak
  • Euro Currency Tools: Conversion and formatting for euro currency
  • Solver Add-In: Tools for optimization and equation solving

Excel for the spider web

Excel for the spider web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft Excel available equally part of Function on the spider web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint.

Excel for the spider web tin display most of the features available in the desktop versions of Excel, although it may not be able to insert or edit them. Certain data connections are not accessible on Excel for the spider web, including with charts that may use these external connections. Excel for the web besides cannot display legacy features, such as Excel 4.0 macros or Excel v.0 dialog sheets. There are also modest differences betwixt how some of the Excel functions work.[26]

Information storage and communication

Number of rows and columns

Versions of Excel up to 7.0 had a limitation in the size of their data sets of 16K (214 = 16384 ) rows. Versions viii.0 through eleven.0 could handle 64K (2sixteen = 65536 ) rows and 256 columns (2eight equally label 'IV'). Version 12.0 onwards, including the electric current Version sixteen.x, can handle over 1M (two20 = 1048 576 ) rows, and xvi384 (214, labeled as column 'XFD') columns.[27]

File formats

Excel Spreadsheet
Filename extension

.xls, (.xlsx, .xlsm, .xlsb - Excel 2007)
Cyberspace media blazon

application/vnd.ms-excel
Compatible Type Identifier (UTI) com.microsoft.excel.xls
Developed by Microsoft
Type of format Spreadsheet

Microsoft Excel up until 2007 version used a proprietary binary file format called Excel Binary File Format (.XLS) as its chief format.[28] Excel 2007 uses Office Open XML as its main file format, an XML-based format that followed after a previous XML-based format called "XML Spreadsheet" ("XMLSS"), first introduced in Excel 2002.[29]

Although supporting and encouraging the use of new XML-based formats every bit replacements, Excel 2007 remained backwards-compatible with the traditional, binary formats. In addition, most versions of Microsoft Excel can read CSV, DBF, SYLK, DIF, and other legacy formats. Support for some older file formats was removed in Excel 2007.[30] The file formats were mainly from DOS-based programs.

Binary

OpenOffice.org has created documentation of the Excel format. 2 epochs of the format exist: the 97-2003 OLE format, and the older stream format.[31] Microsoft has fabricated the Excel binary format specification available to freely download.[32]

XML Spreadsheet

The XML Spreadsheet format introduced in Excel 2002[29] is a uncomplicated, XML based format missing some more advanced features like storage of VBA macros. Though the intended file extension for this format is .xml, the programme as well correctly handles XML files with .xls extension. This feature is widely used by third-party applications (due east.g. MySQL Query Browser) to offer "export to Excel" capabilities without implementing binary file format. The following example will exist correctly opened by Excel if saved either as Book1.xml or Book1.xls: 

                        <?xml version="i.0"?>            <Workbook            xmlns=            "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"            xmlns:o=            "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"            xmlns:10=            "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel"            xmlns:ss=            "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"            xmlns:html=            "http://world wide web.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"            >            <Worksheet            ss:Name=            "Sheet1"            >            <Table            ss:ExpandedColumnCount=            "2"            ss:ExpandedRowCount=            "2"            x:FullColumns=            "1"            ten:FullRows=            "1"            >            <Row>            <Jail cell><Data            ss:Type=            "String"            >Proper name</Data></Cell>            <Prison cell><Data            ss:Blazon=            "String"            >Example</Data></Cell>            </Row>            <Row>            <Cell><Data            ss:Type=            "Cord"            >Value</Information></Cell>            <Cell><Information            ss:Type=            "Number"            >123</Data></Prison cell>            </Row>            </Table>            </Worksheet>            </Workbook>

Electric current file extensions

Microsoft Excel 2007, along with the other products in the Microsoft Function 2007 suite, introduced new file formats. The beginning of these (.xlsx) is divers in the Office Open XML (OOXML) specification.

Excel 2007 formats
Format Extension Description
Excel Workbook .xlsx The default Excel 2007 and afterwards workbook format. In reality, a Zip compressed archive with a directory construction of XML text documents. Functions as the master replacement for the one-time binary .xls format, although information technology does not support Excel macros for security reasons. Saving as .xlsx offers file size reduction over .xls[33]
Excel Macro-enabled Workbook .xlsm As Excel Workbook, only with macro support.
Excel Binary Workbook .xlsb Every bit Excel Macro-enabled Workbook, but storing data in binary course rather than XML documents for opening and saving documents more quickly and efficiently. Intended particularly for very large documents with tens of thousands of rows, and/or several hundreds of columns. This format is very useful for shrinking big Excel files equally is often the case when doing information analysis.
Excel Macro-enabled Template .xltm A template certificate that forms a footing for actual workbooks, with macro support. The replacement for the old .xlt format.
Excel Add-in .xlam Excel add-in to add actress functionality and tools. Inherent macro back up because of the file purpose.

One-time file extensions

Format Extension Description
Spreadsheet .xls Master spreadsheet format which holds information in worksheets, charts, and macros
Add-in (VBA) .xla Adds custom functionality; written in VBA
Toolbar .xlb The file extension where Microsoft Excel custom toolbar settings are stored.
Chart .xlc A nautical chart created with data from a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet that only saves the chart. To save the chart and spreadsheet salvage as .XLS. XLC is not supported in Excel 2007 or in any newer versions of Excel.
Dialog .xld Used in older versions of Excel.
Annal .xlk A backup of an Excel Spreadsheet
Add-in (DLL) .xll Adds custom functionality; written in C++/C, Visual Basic, Fortran, etc. and compiled in to a special dynamic-link library
Macro .xlm A macro is created by the user or pre-installed with Excel.
Template .xlt A pre-formatted spreadsheet created past the user or by Microsoft Excel.
Module .xlv A module is written in VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) for Microsoft Excel
Library .DLL Code written in VBA may access functions in a DLL, typically this is used to access the Windows API
Workspace .xlw Arrangement of the windows of multiple Workbooks

Using other Windows applications

Windows applications such as Microsoft Access and Microsoft Word, equally well every bit Excel can communicate with each other and utilize each other's capabilities. The most common are Dynamic Data Substitution: although strongly deprecated by Microsoft, this is a common method to send data between applications running on Windows, with official MS publications referring to it as "the protocol from hell".[34] As the proper noun suggests, information technology allows applications to supply information to others for calculation and display. Information technology is very common in financial markets, beingness used to connect to important financial information services such as Bloomberg and Reuters.

OLE Object Linking and Embedding allows a Windows awarding to command another to enable information technology to format or calculate data. This may take on the form of "embedding" where an application uses another to handle a task that it is more suited to, for example a PowerPoint presentation may be embedded in an Excel spreadsheet or vice versa.[35] [36] [37] [38]

Using external data

Excel users can access external data sources via Microsoft Part features such equally (for example) .odc connections built with the Office Data Connection file format. Excel files themselves may be updated using a Microsoft supplied ODBC commuter.

Excel can accept data in real-fourth dimension through several programming interfaces, which allow information technology to communicate with many information sources such as Bloomberg and Reuters (through addins such as Power Plus Pro).

  • DDE: "Dynamic Data Exchange" uses the message passing mechanism in Windows to allow information to flow betwixt Excel and other applications. Although it is like shooting fish in a barrel for users to create such links, programming such links reliably is so hard that Microsoft, the creators of the system, officially refer to it as "the protocol from hell".[34] In spite of its many issues DDE remains the about common manner for data to accomplish traders in financial markets.
  • Network DDE Extended the protocol to let spreadsheets on different computers to commutation data. Starting with Windows Vista, Microsoft no longer supports the facility.[39]
  • Existent Time Data: RTD although in many means technically superior to DDE, has been slow to gain acceptance, since it requires non-trivial programming skills, and when get-go released was neither adequately documented nor supported by the major information vendors.[forty] [41]

Alternatively, Microsoft Query provides ODBC-based browsing within Microsoft Excel.[42] [43] [44]

Consign and migration of spreadsheets

Programmers take produced APIs to open Excel spreadsheets in a multifariousness of applications and environments other than Microsoft Excel. These include opening Excel documents on the spider web using either ActiveX controls, or plugins like the Adobe Flash Thespian. The Apache POI opensource projection provides Java libraries for reading and writing Excel spreadsheet files. ExcelPackage is some other open-source project that provides server-side generation of Microsoft Excel 2007 spreadsheets. PHPExcel is a PHP library that converts Excel5, Excel 2003, and Excel 2007 formats into objects for reading and writing within a web application. Excel Services is a current .Internet programmer tool that can enhance Excel's capabilities. Excel spreadsheets tin can be accessed from Python with xlrd and openpyxl. js-xlsx and js-xls can open up Excel spreadsheets from JavaScript.

Password protection

Microsoft Excel protection offers several types of passwords:

  • Password to open a certificate[45]
  • Password to modify a certificate[46]
  • Password to unprotect the worksheet
  • Password to protect workbook
  • Password to protect the sharing workbook[47]

All passwords except countersign to open a document tin be removed instantly regardless of the Microsoft Excel version used to create the document. These types of passwords are used primarily for shared work on a document. Such password-protected documents are not encrypted, and a information sources from a set password is saved in a document's header. Countersign to protect workbook is an exception – when it is ready, a document is encrypted with the standard password "VelvetSweatshop", simply since information technology is known to the public, information technology actually does non add together any extra protection to the certificate. The only type of password that can prevent a trespasser from gaining access to a certificate is password to open a document. The cryptographic strength of this kind of protection depends strongly on the Microsoft Excel version that was used to create the document.

In Microsoft Excel 95 and before versions, the password to open up is converted to a 16-fleck key that tin exist instantly cracked. In Excel 97/2000 the password is converted to a 40-chip key, which can also be croaky very quickly using modern equipment. As regards services that use rainbow tables (e.1000. Password-Find), it takes up to several seconds to remove protection. In addition, password-cracking programs tin can fauna-strength set on passwords at a charge per unit of hundreds of thousands of passwords a 2d, which not but lets them decrypt a certificate simply also find the original password.

In Excel 2003/XP the encryption is slightly better – a user tin can choose any encryption algorithm that is bachelor in the system (see Cryptographic Service Provider). Due to the CSP, an Excel file tin't exist decrypted, and thus the countersign to open tin't be removed, though the brute-force attack speed remains quite high. Nevertheless, the older Excel 97/2000 algorithm is ready by the default. Therefore, users who practice not change the default settings lack reliable protection of their documents.

The situation changed fundamentally in Excel 2007, where the modernistic AES algorithm with a key of 128 $.25 started being used for decryption, and a 50,000-fold employ of the hash function SHA1 reduced the speed of animal-strength attacks downward to hundreds of passwords per second. In Excel 2010, the strength of the protection by the default was increased two times due to the utilise of a 100,000-fold SHA1 to convert a password to a primal.

Microsoft Excel Viewer

Microsoft Excel Viewer was a freeware program for Microsoft Windows for viewing and printing spreadsheet documents created by Excel.[48] Microsoft retired the viewer in Apr 2018 with the last security update released in Feb 2019 for Excel Viewer 2007 (SP3).[49] [fifty]

The first version released by Microsoft was Excel 97 Viewer.[51] [52] Excel 97 Viewer was supported in Windows CE for Handheld PCs.[53] In October 2004, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2003.[54] In September 2007, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2003 Service Pack 3 (SP3).[55] In Jan 2008, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2007 (featuring a non-collapsible Ribbon interface).[56] In April 2009, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2007 Service Pack ii (SP2).[57] In October 2011, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2007 Service Pack iii (SP3).[58]

Microsoft advises to view and print Excel files for costless to apply the Excel Mobile awarding for Windows 10 and for Windows vii and Windows eight to upload the file to OneDrive and use Excel for the spider web with a Microsoft account to open them in a browser.[49] [59]

Quirks

In addition to issues with spreadsheets in general, other bug specific to Excel include numeric precision, misleading statistics functions, mod function errors, date limitations and more.

Numeric precision

Excel maintains xv figures in its numbers, merely they are not always authentic: the lesser line should be the aforementioned equally the top line.

Despite the use of 15-effigy precision, Excel tin display many more figures (upward to xxx) upon user request. But the displayed figures are not those really used in its computations, so, for instance, the departure of two numbers may differ from the deviation of their displayed values. Although such departures are usually beyond the 15th decimal, exceptions practise occur, especially for very large or very small numbers. Serious errors tin can occur if decisions are made based upon automated comparisons of numbers (for example, using the Excel If function), as equality of two numbers tin be unpredictable.[ citation needed ]

In the figure, the fraction one/9000 is displayed in Excel. Although this number has a decimal representation that is an infinite string of ones, Excel displays simply the leading 15 figures. In the 2nd line, the number one is added to the fraction, and again Excel displays only xv figures. In the tertiary line, one is subtracted from the sum using Excel. Because the sum in the 2d line has only eleven 1's afterwards the decimal, the divergence when 1 is subtracted from this displayed value is iii 0's followed by a string of eleven 1's. However, the difference reported by Excel in the 3rd line is three 0's followed past a string of thirteen 1's and two extra erroneous digits. This is considering Excel calculates with almost half a digit more than it displays.

Excel works with a modified 1985 version of the IEEE 754 specification.[60] Excel's implementation involves conversions betwixt binary and decimal representations, leading to accuracy that is on average amend than one would await from elementary fifteen digit precision, but that can be worse. See the main article for details.

Too accuracy in user computations, the question of accuracy in Excel-provided functions may exist raised. Particularly in the arena of statistical functions, Excel has been criticized for sacrificing accuracy for speed of calculation.[61] [62]

As many calculations in Excel are executed using VBA, an additional issue is the accuracy of VBA, which varies with variable type and user-requested precision.[63]

Statistical functions

The accurateness and convenience of statistical tools in Excel has been criticized,[64] [65] [66] [67] [68] as mishandling missing data, every bit returning incorrect values due to inept handling of round-off and large numbers, equally only selectively updating calculations on a spreadsheet when some cell values are changed, and as having a limited set up of statistical tools. Microsoft has announced some of these issues are addressed in Excel 2010.[69]

Excel Mod function error

Excel has issues with modulo operations. In the example of excessively large results, Excel will return the mistake warning #NUM! instead of an answer.[70]

Fictional bound twenty-four hours in the year 1900

Excel includes February 29, 1900, incorrectly treating 1900 as a leap year, even though eastward.chiliad. 2100 is correctly treated every bit a non-bound year.[71] [72] The bug originated from Lotus 1-2-3 (deliberately implemented to save figurer retentiveness), and was likewise purposely implemented in Excel, for the purpose of bug compatibility.[73] This legacy has later been carried over into Function Open up XML file format.[74]

Thus a (not necessarily whole) number greater than or equal to 61 interpreted equally a date and time are the (real) number of days later on December xxx, 1899, 0:00, a non-negative number less than 60 is the number of days after December 31, 1899, 0:00, and numbers with whole role 60 stand for the fictional day.

Date range

Excel supports dates with years in the range 1900–9999, except that December 31, 1899, tin can be entered as 0 and is displayed as 0-jan-1900.

Converting a fraction of a twenty-four hours into hours, minutes and days by treating it equally a moment on the twenty-four hours January 1, 1900, does not piece of work for a negative fraction.[75]

Conversion problems

Entering text that happens to be in a form that is interpreted every bit a appointment, the text tin exist unintentionally changed to a standard date format. A similar problem occurs when a text happens to be in the form of a floating-point notation of a number. In these cases the original exact text cannot be recovered from the result. Formatting the cell equally TEXT before entering ambiguous text prevents Excel from converting to a date.

This issue has caused a well known problem in the analysis of Dna, for example in bioinformatics. As first reported in 2004,[76] genetic scientists found that Excel automatically and incorrectly converts certain gene names into dates. A follow-up study in 2016 found many peer reviewed scientific journal papers had been affected and that "Of the selected journals, the proportion of published articles with Excel files containing gene lists that are affected by gene name errors is nineteen.6 %."[77] Excel parses the copied and pasted data and sometimes changes them depending on what it thinks they are. For example, MARCH1 (Membrane Associated Band-CH-type finger 1) gets converted to the appointment March 1 (i-Mar) and SEPT2 (Septin two) is converted into September 2 (ii-Sep) etc.[78] While some secondary news sources[79] reported this every bit a fault with Excel, the original authors of the 2016 newspaper placed the blame with the researchers misusing Excel.[77] [80]

In August 2020 the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) published new guidelines in the journal Nature regarding cistron naming in society to avert issues with "symbols that affect data handling and retrieval." So far 27 genes have been renamed, including changing MARCH1 to MARCHF1 and SEPT1 to SEPTIN1 in order to avoid accidental conversion of the gene names into dates.[81]

Errors with large strings

The post-obit functions return wrong results when passed a string longer than 255 characters:[82]

  • type() incorrectly returns 16, meaning "Error value"
  • IsText(), when called as a method of the VBA object WorksheetFunction (i.e., WorksheetFunction.IsText() in VBA), incorrectly returns "false".

Filenames

Microsoft Excel will not open up ii documents with the aforementioned name and instead will brandish the following error:

A certificate with the name '%s' is already open. You cannot open two documents with the aforementioned name, even if the documents are in unlike folders. To open the second document, either close the document that is currently open up, or rename one of the documents.[83]

The reason is for calculation ambivalence with linked cells. If at that place is a prison cell ='[Book1.xlsx]Sheet1'!$G$33, and there are two books named "Book1" open up, there is no way to tell which one the user ways.[84]

Versions

Early history

Microsoft originally marketed a spreadsheet plan called Multiplan in 1982. Multiplan became very popular on CP/Grand systems, but on MS-DOS systems it lost popularity to Lotus 1-2-3. Microsoft released the first version of Excel for the Macintosh on September 30, 1985, and the first Windows version was 2.05 (to synchronize with the Macintosh version 2.2) in November 1987.[85] Lotus was deadening to bring 1-2-3 to Windows and by the early 1990s, Excel had started to outsell ane-2-3 and helped Microsoft achieve its position as a leading PC software programmer. This accomplishment solidified Microsoft as a valid competitor and showed its hereafter of developing GUI software. Microsoft maintained its advantage with regular new releases, every two years or so.

Microsoft Windows

Excel 2.0 is the first version of Excel for the Intel platform. Versions prior to 2.0 were but available on the Apple tree Macintosh.

Excel ii.0 (1987)

The first Windows version was labeled "two" to correspond to the Mac version. This included a run-time version of Windows.[86]

BYTE in 1989 listed Excel for Windows every bit among the "Stardom" winners of the BYTE Awards. The mag stated that the port of the "extraordinary" Macintosh version "shines", with a user interface as good as or better than the original.

Excel 3.0 (1990)

Included toolbars, drawing capabilities, outlining, add-in support, 3D charts, and many more new features.[86]

Excel four.0 (1992)

Introduced car-fill.[87]

Likewise, an easter egg in Excel iv.0 reveals a hidden blitheness of a dancing set of numbers one through 3, representing Lotus i-2-3, which is and so crushed past an Excel logo.[88]

Excel five.0 (1993)

With version 5.0, Excel has included Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), a programming language based on Visual Basic which adds the ability to automate tasks in Excel and to provide user-defined functions (UDF) for use in worksheets. VBA includes a fully featured integrated development environment (IDE). Macro recording can produce VBA code replicating user actions, thus allowing simple automation of regular tasks. VBA allows the creation of forms and in‑worksheet controls to communicate with the user. The language supports use (but not creation) of ActiveX (COM) DLL'south; afterwards versions add support for class modules allowing the utilise of basic object-oriented programming techniques.

The automation functionality provided by VBA made Excel a target for macro viruses. This caused serious problems until antivirus products began to detect these viruses. Microsoft belatedly took steps to prevent the misuse by adding the ability to disable macros completely, to enable macros when opening a workbook or to trust all macros signed using a trusted certificate.

Versions 5.0 to ix.0 of Excel comprise various Easter eggs, including a "Hall of Tortured Souls", a Doom-like minigame, although since version ten Microsoft has taken measures to eliminate such undocumented features from their products.[89]

5.0 was released in a 16-bit x86 version for Windows 3.1 and later in a 32-bit version for NT iii.51 (x86/Blastoff/PowerPC)

Excel 95 (v7.0)

Released in 1995 with Microsoft Office for Windows 95, this is the first major version after Excel 5.0, as at that place is no Excel six.0 with all of the Office applications standardizing on the same major version number.

Internal rewrite to 32-bits. Nearly no external changes, but faster and more than stable.

Excel 97 (v8.0)

Included in Office 97 (for x86 and Blastoff). This was a major upgrade that introduced the paper prune role banana and featured standard VBA used instead of internal Excel Basic. It introduced the at present-removed Natural language labels.

This version of Excel includes a flight simulator every bit an Easter Egg.

Excel 2000 (v9.0)

Included in Office 2000. This was a small-scale upgrade but introduced an upgrade to the clipboard where it can hold multiple objects at once. The Function Banana, whose frequent unsolicited appearance in Excel 97 had annoyed many users, became less intrusive.

Excel 2002 (v10.0)

Included in Function XP. Very minor enhancements.

Excel 2003 (v11.0)

Included in Part 2003. Small-scale enhancements, the near significant being the new Tables.

Excel 2007 (v12.0)

Included in Office 2007. This release was a major upgrade from the previous version. Similar to other updated Function products, Excel in 2007 used the new Ribbon card system. This was different from what users were used to, and was met with mixed reactions. One study reported fairly skilful acceptance by users except highly experienced users and users of discussion processing applications with a classical WIMP interface, but was less convinced in terms of efficiency and organisation.[90] However, an online survey reported that a majority of respondents had a negative opinion of the change, with advanced users beingness "somewhat more negative" than intermediate users, and users reporting a cocky-estimated reduction in productivity.

Added functionality included the SmartArt set of editable business diagrams. Likewise added was an improved management of named variables through the Proper noun Manager, and much-improved flexibility in formatting graphs, which let (x, y) coordinate labeling and lines of capricious weight. Several improvements to pivot tables were introduced.

Also like other office products, the Function Open XML file formats were introduced, including .xlsm for a workbook with macros and .xlsx for a workbook without macros.[91]

Specifically, many of the size limitations of previous versions were greatly increased. To illustrate, the number of rows was now 1,048,576 (2twenty) and columns was 16,384 (2fourteen; the far-right cavalcade is XFD). This changes what is a valid A1 reference versus a named range. This version made more extensive utilise of multiple cores for the adding of spreadsheets; however, VBA macros are not handled in parallel and XLL add together‑ins were only executed in parallel if they were thread-prophylactic and this was indicated at registration.

Excel 2010 (v14.0)

Microsoft Excel 2010 running on Windows seven

Included in Part 2010, this is the next major version after v12.0, equally version number thirteen was skipped.

Minor enhancements and 64-scrap support,[92] including the following:

  • Multi-threading recalculation (MTR) for unremarkably used functions
  • Improved pin tables
  • More provisional formatting options
  • Additional image editing capabilities
  • In-cell charts called sparklines
  • Power to preview before pasting
  • Office 2010 backstage characteristic for document-related tasks
  • Ability to customize the Ribbon
  • Many new formulas, most highly specialized to better accurateness[93]

Excel 2013 (v15.0)

Included in Part 2013, along with a lot of new tools included in this release:

  • Improved Multi-threading and Retentivity Contention
  • FlashFill[94]
  • Ability View[95]
  • Power Pivot[96]
  • Timeline Slicer
  • Windows App
  • Enquire[97]
  • 50 new functions[98]

Excel 2016 (v16.0)

Included in Function 2016, along with a lot of new tools included in this release:

  • Ability Query integration
  • Read-just manner for Excel
  • Keyboard access for Pivot Tables and Slicers in Excel
  • New Chart Types
  • Quick data linking in Visio
  • Excel forecasting functions
  • Support for multi-selection of Slicer items using touch
  • Fourth dimension grouping and Pivot Chart Drill Down
  • Excel information cards[99]

Excel 2019, Office 365 and subsequent (v16.0)

Microsoft no longer releases Part or Excel in discrete versions. Instead, features are introduced automatically over fourth dimension using Windows Update. The version number remains 16.0. Thereafter but the estimate dates when features appear can now be given.

  • Dynamic Arrays. These are substantially Assortment Formulas only they "Spill" automatically into neighboring cells and does not need the ctrl-shift-enter to create them. Further, dynamic arrays are the default format, with new "@" and "#" operators to provide compatibility with previous versions. This is perhaps the biggest structural change since 2007, and is in response to a similar characteristic in Google Sheets. Dynamic arrays started appearing in pre-releases well-nigh 2018, and every bit of March 2020 are available in published versions of Part 365 provided a user selected "Office Insiders".

Apple Macintosh

Microsoft Excel for Mac 2011

  • 1985 Excel 1.0
  • 1988 Excel one.5
  • 1989 Excel ii.2
  • 1990 Excel iii.0
  • 1992 Excel 4.0
  • 1993 Excel 5.0 (part of Office 4.ten—Final Motorola 680x0 version[100] and showtime PowerPC version)
  • 1998 Excel eight.0 (office of Office 98)
  • 2000 Excel 9.0 (part of Office 2001)
  • 2001 Excel 10.0 (part of Office v. X)
  • 2004 Excel 11.0 (part of Part 2004)
  • 2008 Excel 12.0 (part of Function 2008)
  • 2010 Excel xiv.0 (part of Office 2011)
  • 2015 Excel 15.0 (function of Office 2016—Part 2016 for Mac brings the Mac version much closer to parity with its Windows cousin, harmonizing many of the reporting and high-level developer functions, while bringing the ribbon and styling into line with its PC analogue.)[101]

OS/2

  • 1989 Excel 2.2
  • 1990 Excel two.3
  • 1991 Excel 3.0

Mobile

Excel Mobile is a spreadsheet plan that tin can edit XLSX files. It can edit and format text in cells, summate formulas, search inside the spreadsheet, sort rows and columns, freeze panes, filter the columns, add comments, and create charts. It can't add together columns or rows except at the border of the document, rearrange columns or rows, delete rows or columns, or add spreadsheet tabs.[102] [103] [104] [105] [106] [107] The 2007 version has the ability to use a full-screen mode to deal with limited screen resolution, as well every bit separate panes to view different parts of a worksheet at one fourth dimension.[105] Protection settings, zoom settings, autofilter settings, certain chart formatting, subconscious sheets, and other features are not supported on Excel Mobile, and volition be modified upon opening and saving a workbook.[106] In 2015, Excel Mobile became available for Windows 10 and Windows ten Mobile on Windows Store.[108] [109]

Summary

Legend: One-time version, not maintained Older version, still maintained Electric current stable version Latest preview version Hereafter release
Microsoft Excel for Windows release history
Year Name Version Comments
1987 Excel 2 One-time version, no longer maintained: ii.0 Renumbered to 2 to correspond with contemporary Macintosh version. Supported macros (later on known as Excel iv macros).
1990 Excel 3 Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0 Added 3D graphing capabilities
1992 Excel 4 Old version, no longer maintained: 4.0 Introduced auto-make full feature
1993 Excel 5 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.0 Included Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and various object-oriented options
1995 Excel 95 Former version, no longer maintained: 7.0 Renumbered for contemporary Give-and-take version. Both programs were packaged in Microsoft Function by this time.
1997 Excel 97 Old version, no longer maintained: 8.0
2000 Excel 2000 Old version, no longer maintained: 9.0 Part of Microsoft Function 2000, which was itself part of Windows Millennium (also known as "Windows ME").
2002 Excel 2002 Old version, no longer maintained: 10.0
2003 Excel 2003 Erstwhile version, no longer maintained: 11.0 Released just 1 year later to represent better with the rest of Microsoft Part (Word, PowerPoint, etc.).
2007 Excel 2007 Old version, no longer maintained: 12.0
2010 Excel 2010 Old version, no longer maintained: xiv.0 Due to superstitions surrounding the number 13, Excel 13 was skipped in version counting.
2013 Excel 2013 Older version, notwithstanding notwithstanding maintained: 15.0 Introduced 50 more mathematical functions (available as pre-packaged commands, rather than typing the formula manually).
2016 Excel 2016 Current stable version: 16.0 Part of Microsoft Role 2016
Microsoft Excel for Macintosh release history
Yr Name Version Comments
1985 Excel 1 Erstwhile version, no longer maintained: i.0 Initial version of Excel. Supported macros (afterwards known every bit Excel 4 macros).
1988 Excel 1.5 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.5
1989 Excel ii Old version, no longer maintained: 2.2
1990 Excel 3 Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0
1992 Excel iv Former version, no longer maintained: 4.0
1993 Excel 5 Old version, no longer maintained: v.0 Only available on PowerPC-based Macs. First PowerPC version.
1998 Excel 98 Erstwhile version, no longer maintained: 8.0 Excel half-dozen and Excel 7 were skipped to correspond with the rest of Microsoft Function at the time.
2000 Excel 2000 Sometime version, no longer maintained: 9.0
2001 Excel 2001 Old version, no longer maintained: 10.0
2004 Excel 2004 Old version, no longer maintained: 11.0
2008 Excel 2008 Old version, no longer maintained: 12.0
2011 Excel 2011 Onetime version, no longer maintained: 14.0 As with the Windows version, version 13 was skipped for superstitious reasons.
2016 Excel 2016 Current stable version: sixteen.0 Every bit with the balance of Microsoft Office, so information technology is for Excel: Hereafter release dates for the Macintosh version are intended to correspond better to those for the Windows version, from 2016 onward.
Microsoft Excel for Bone/ii release history
Year Proper name Version Comments
1989 Excel 2.two Old version, no longer maintained: 2.2 Numbered in between Windows versions at the time
1990 Excel 2.3 Quondam version, no longer maintained: ii.iii
1991 Excel 3 Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0 Last OS/2 version. Discontinued subseries of Microsoft Excel, which is otherwise still an actively developed program.

Touch

Excel offers many user interface tweaks over the earliest electronic spreadsheets; however, the essence remains the same as in the original spreadsheet software, VisiCalc: the program displays cells organized in rows and columns, and each prison cell may incorporate data or a formula, with relative or absolute references to other cells.

Excel 2.0 for Windows, which was modeled later on its Mac GUI-based counterpart, indirectly expanded the installed base of the then-nascent Windows environment. Excel 2.0 was released a calendar month before Windows 2.0, and the installed base of Windows was so low at that point in 1987 that Microsoft had to bundle a runtime version of Windows 1.0 with Excel ii.0.[110] Unlike Microsoft Word, in that location never was a DOS version of Excel.

Excel became the first spreadsheet to allow the user to define the appearance of spreadsheets (fonts, character attributes, and cell appearance). It besides introduced intelligent prison cell re-computation, where simply cells dependent on the cell existence modified are updated (previous spreadsheet programs recomputed everything all the time or waited for a specific user command). Excel introduced car-fill up, the ability to drag and aggrandize the selection box to automatically re-create a cell or row contents to adjacent cells or rows, adjusting the copies intelligently by automatically incrementing cell references or contents. Excel as well introduced all-encompassing graphing capabilities.

Security

Because Excel is widely used, it has been attacked past hackers. While Excel is not directly exposed to the Internet, if an attacker tin can get a victim to open a file in Excel, and at that place is an appropriate security bug in Excel, and so the attacker tin can gain control of the victim'south computer.[111] U.k.'due south GCHQ has a tool named TORNADO Aisle with this purpose.[112] [113]

See also

  • Comparison of spreadsheet software
  • Comparison of run a risk analysis Microsoft Excel add-ins
  • Numbers (spreadsheet)—the iWork equivalent
  • Spreadmart

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Full general sources

  • Bullen, Stephen; Bovey, Rob; Green, John (2009). Professional Excel Development: The Definitive Guide to Developing Applications Using Microsoft Excel and VBA (second ed.). Boston: Addison Wesley. ISBN978-0-321-50879-nine.
  • Dodge, Marking; Stinson, Craig (2007). Microsoft Office Excel 2007 Inside Out. Redmond, Launder.: Microsoft Press. ISBN978-0-7356-2321-seven.
  • Billo, E. Joseph (2011). Excel for Chemists: A Comprehensive Guide (3rd ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-0-470-38123-6.

External links

  • Microsoft Excel – official site

talamantessuff1980.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel

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